Saturday, July 11, 2026

Evolution

12 articles
The Evolution of Human Cooperation
Evolution

The Evolution of Human Cooperation

People cooperate constantly. We raise children together, share food, build companies, follow rules, defend fri

July 9, 2026·12 min read
By Farzin Espahani
Why Humans Believe Their Ideology Is Superior
Ecology

Why Humans Believe Their Ideology Is Superior

How belief becomes identity, leaders become symbols, and outsiders become threats Human beings rarely experien

April 25, 2026·15 min read
By Farzin Espahani
Why Enemies Need Each Other
Culture

Why Enemies Need Each Other

An evolutionary reading of the Iran–Israel rivalry, and of why both sides so often see themselves as the victi

April 7, 2026·14 min read
By Farzin Espahani
What Is an Adaptation?
Evolution

What Is an Adaptation?

The word adaptation gets used casually. People say humans are “adapted to screens,” “adapted to city life,” or

April 4, 2026·15 min read
By Farzin Espahani
Hominid vs. Hominin vs. Homo sapiens: What's the Difference?
Evolution

Hominid vs. Hominin vs. Homo sapiens: What's the Difference?

These three terms get mixed together constantly: hominid , hominin , and Homo sapiens . They sound similar, an

April 3, 2026·4 min read
By Farzin Espahani
The Fragile Genius: How Human Intelligence Evolved Hand in Hand with Mental Struggle
Evolution

The Fragile Genius: How Human Intelligence Evolved Hand in Hand with Mental Struggle

The Double-Edged Mind Human intelligence is often celebrated as our species’ defining triumph, the thing that

October 10, 2025·5 min read
By Hominid
The Birth and Evolution of Insurance in Human Societies: An Evolutionary Perspective
Evolution

The Birth and Evolution of Insurance in Human Societies: An Evolutionary Perspective

Introduction The study of human evolution has traditionally focused on either biological or cultural factors,

May 4, 2025·6 min read
By Farzin Espahani
The Ancient Science of Self-Repair: A Biological Anthropologist's Perspective on Fasting and Intermittent Fasting
Health

The Ancient Science of Self-Repair: A Biological Anthropologist's Perspective on Fasting and Intermittent Fasting

Throughout human history, periods of feast and famine have shaped the evolution of our species. Our ancestors

April 29, 2025·7 min read
By Farzin Espahani
The Intersection of Sociobiology and Epigenetics: A Biocultural Anthropology Perspective
Evolution

The Intersection of Sociobiology and Epigenetics: A Biocultural Anthropology Perspective

Human beings have long sought to understand the factors that shape behavior, social structures, and cultural p

March 9, 2025·8 min read
By Farzin Espahani
Dual Inheritance Theory: Bridging Cultural and Biological Evolution in Human Development
Evolution

Dual Inheritance Theory: Bridging Cultural and Biological Evolution in Human Development

Human beings are unique among animals in the degree to which our behavior is shaped by culture. We learn from

January 9, 2025·3 min read
By Farzin Espahani
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Cultural and Biological Evolution: A Dual Inheritance Perspective
Technology

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Cultural and Biological Evolution: A Dual Inheritance Perspective

Introduction The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming human society at an unprecedented pace.

December 22, 2024·6 min read
By Farzin Espahani
What Is a Hominid?
Evolution

What Is a Hominid?

A plain-English guide to one of anthropology’s most misused words The word gets thrown around casually, usuall

July 18, 2024·5 min read
By Farzin Espahani